Everyone Counts

National, population-representative data on gender identity is important for federal and state governments, advocacy organizations, academia, and health foundations to better understand the unique needs of transgender people in the U.S. and tailor interventions to improve their health outcomes. To help advance equity for transgender and non-binary people in the United States, this report presents an analysis of enabling factors and challenges and provides recommendations for developing and implementing gender identity measures on the U.S. Census and other population-based surveys. Supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, this study drew upon primary and secondary data from the U.S. as well as three countries which have already implemented more inclusive gender identity measures on their national censuses: Argentina, Canada, and the United Kingdom (England and Wales). The experiences of the statistical bureaus in each country (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) of Argentina, Statistics Canada, and the Office of National Statistics (ONS) of England and Wales) provide valuable insights into the years-long process of creating a statistical standard for more gender-inclusive measures, implementing these measures on a country’s census and other population-based surveys, and why doing so matters.