This data brief presents statistics on the characteristics and employment experiences of SSI and DI beneficiaries who earn more than SGA for at least three consecutive months and shows how they differ from other working beneficiaries.
Related Content
Related Publications for Gina Livermore
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Social Security Disability Beneficiaries Who Earn Above the Substantial Gainful Activity LevelSep 20, 2023
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE): Medicaid Expenditure Patterns and Impacts with a Focus on Youth with High Medical NeedsJan 11, 2023
This report focuses on the impact of the Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) programs on youth’s Medicaid expenditure patterns for specific services and subgroups and PROMISE’s impacts for youth with high medical needs.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and Family Outcomes Five Years After Enrollment (Executive Summary)Dec 29, 2022
This is the executive summary of a report that presents estimates of the five-year impacts of the PROMISE programs on youth with disabilities who receive Supplemental Security Income and parent outcomes.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and Family Outcomes Five Years After EnrollmentDec 29, 2022
This report presents estimates of the five-year impacts of the PROMISE programs on youth with disabilities who receive Supplemental Security Income and parent outcomes.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Technical Appendix to the Five-Year Evaluation ReportDec 29, 2022
This is the technical appendix of the report on estimated impacts and net benefits of six PROMISE programs five years after youth with disabilities enrolled in the evaluation. PROMISE programs are designed to assist youth with disabilities and their families access resources that can assist with the...
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Responding to Disability Onset in the Late Working Years: What do Older Workers do?Oct 01, 2022
This study uses occupational data from the Health and Retirement Study to document the link between disability onset and occupational transitions among older adults who are working and do not report a disabling condition at age 55.
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Youth TransitionDec 09, 2021
Youth Transition is a book chapter that reviews the findings from Social Security Administration demonstrations and other related initiatives to inform options for improving the transition and adult outcomes of youth receiving Supplemental Security Income.
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Work-Related Overpayments Among Disability BeneficiariesNov 30, 2021
This disability policy brief examines the work-related overpayment experiences of recently employed Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income beneficiaries using data from the 2017 National Beneficiary Survey.
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Evaluation Options for the Papers Developed Under the SSI Youth Solutions ProjectNov 22, 2021
This report for the SSI Youth Solutions project presents plans for evaluating the interventions proposed in each of the project’s 12 papers.
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Work-Related Overpayment and Benefit Suspension Experiences of Federal Disability BeneficiariesNov 01, 2021
This paper examines the work-related overpayment and benefit suspension experiences of recently employed Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income beneficiaries using data from the 2017 National Beneficiary Survey.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Early Impacts from a Multi-Site Random Assignment EvaluationOct 01, 2021
PROMISE was a federal initiative to support youth receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) during the transition to adulthood. This article presents estimates of the impacts of the six PROMISE projects on youth and family outcomes as of 18 months after enrolling in PROMISE.
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Considerations for the Papers Developed for the SSI Youth Solutions ProjectJun 02, 2021
This report offers a deep dive into the 12 papers developed for the SSI Youth Solutions project. It presents and contrasts their characteristics, potential strengths and limitations, and other factors that might guide policymakers, advocates, and other stakeholders in deciding which might be best to...
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Successful Vocational Rehabilitation Innovations: Building a Better ToolboxNov 04, 2020
The Kentucky and Minnesota state vocational rehabilitation agencies participated in a randomized control trial of an intervention designed to increase the earnings of Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries. This article introduces a special journal issue that tells the story of the SGA Model...
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Family Service Use and Its Relationship with Youth OutcomesAug 28, 2020
This report documents service use by family members enrolled in PROMISE and analyzes its relationship with selected short-term youth outcomes, including employment, earnings, SSI receipt, self-determination, and expectations.
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Profile of SSI and DI Beneficiaries with Work Goals and Expectations in 2015Mar 10, 2020
This brief presents an updated profile of work-oriented beneficiaries and compares them to other SSI and DI beneficiaries who are not interested in work.
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Insights About the Transition System for SSI Youth from the National Evaluation of Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE)Feb 07, 2020
This article discusses insights gained from the national PROMISE evaluation about the current transition system, which are relevant to current initiatives supporting youth with disabilities during the transition to adulthood.
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Research to Inform Policy: Contributions of the Mathematica Center for Studying Disability PolicyFeb 01, 2020
This article summarizes selected findings from work conducted under the Social Security Administration’s Disability Research Consortium by researchers at the Mathematica Center for Studying Disability Policy (CSDP).
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Federal and State Expenditures for Working-Age People With Disabilities in Fiscal Year 2014Sep 01, 2019
This study estimated how much the federal government spent on programs in 2014 to support working-age people with disabilities, and assessed how the size and composition of those expenditures changed during the two 6-year periods preceding 2014.
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Declining Employment Among a Growing Group of Work-Oriented Beneficiaries, 2005-2015Aug 01, 2019
This study examines changes in the characteristics and employment-related experiences of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program participants from 2005 to 2015, focusing on beneficiaries with work-related goals and expectations.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) Evaluation: Interim Services and Impact Report (Executive Summary)Jul 03, 2019
This is an executive summary of the estimated impacts of six PROMISE programs 18 months after youth with disabilities enrolled in the evaluation. PROMISE programs are designed to assist youth with disabilities and their families access resources that can assist with youth transitions.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Technical Appendix to the Interim Services and Impact ReportJul 03, 2019
This is the technical appendix of the report on estimated impacts of six PROMISE programs 18 months after youth with disabilities enrolled in the evaluation. PROMISE programs are designed to assist youth with disabilities and their families access resources that can assist with youth transitions.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors is SSI (PROMISE) Evaluation: Interim Services and Impact ReportJul 03, 2019
This report presents the estimated impacts of six PROMISE programs 18 months after youth with disabilities enrolled in the evaluation. PROMISE programs are designed to assist youth with disabilities and their families access resources that can assist with youth transitions.
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Federal and State Expenditures for Children with Disabilities in Fiscal Year 2014Feb 28, 2019
This brief documents federal and selected state program expenditures made for children with disabilities in fiscal year 2014.
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Long-Term Impacts of Employment Interventions Targeted to People with Mental Health ConditionsJan 31, 2019
This brief describes the characteristics of adults with mental health conditions who participate in the federal disability programs and reports evidence from three recent studies of longer-term impacts of supported employment (SE) on the employment of people with mental health conditions.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): ASPIRE Process Analysis ReportDec 11, 2018
This report presents findings on the implementation and operation of the ASPIRE program, which was designed to (1) provide educational, vocational, and other services to SSI youth and their families and (2) improve service coordination among state and local agencies serving that population.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): The Role of PROMISE in the Landscape of Federal Programs Targeting Youth with DisabilitiesDec 07, 2018
In this report, we use information collected as part of the national evaluation of Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) to assess the role of PROMISE in the landscape of federal programs targeting youth with disabilities.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): PROMISE Programs’ Use of Effective Transition Practices in Serving Youth with DisabilitiesOct 19, 2018
This report describes the services offered by the six PROMISE projects and the evidence supporting their effectiveness.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): PROMISE 60-Month Sampling and Survey PlanJun 04, 2018
This report presents the plan for selecting the sample for and administering the PROMISE evaluation’s 60-month survey.
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The SourceAmerica Pathways to Careers™ Demonstration Pilot in Utah: Interim Evaluation Report, Executive SummaryMar 16, 2018
The report documents the activities of the pilot Pathways project in Utah and the experiences of participants from the time the pilot project launched in May 2012 through December 2016, the fourth full year of implementation.
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Minnesota Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) Project Demonstration: Final Evaluation ReportSep 28, 2017
This report presents findings from the Minnesota SGA Project demonstration. The demonstration implemented innovations designed to improve the employment outcomes of nonblind state vocational rehabilitation clients receiving Social Security Disability Insurance.
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Kentucky Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) Project Demonstration: Final Evaluation ReportSep 28, 2017
This report presents findings from the Kentucky SGA Project demonstration. The demonstration implemented innovations designed to improve the employment outcomes of nonblind state vocational rehabilitation clients receiving Social Security Disability Insurance.
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Innovating VR Services to Improve Outcomes for SSDI Clients: Findings from the SGA Project Demonstration (Research Brief)Sep 28, 2017
This brief summarizes findings from the Minnesota SGA Project demonstration. The demonstration implemented innovations designed to improve the employment outcomes of nonblind state vocational rehabilitation clients receiving Social Security Disability Insurance.
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Characteristics of Adults with Psychiatric Disabilities Participating in the Federal Disability ProgramsJun 21, 2017
Findings suggest that beneficiaries with psychiatric disabilities face numerous significant employment obstacles that would need to be addressed for supported employment or similar approaches to be successful.
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The SourceAmerica Pathways to Careers Demonstration in Utah: Interim Evaluation Report Executive SummaryMay 26, 2017
This is the first of two primary reports that will describe the findings of the Pathways evaluation.
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Kentucky’s SGA Project Demonstration: An Interim Evaluation ReportJan 12, 2017
This report presents findings on Kentucky’s experience implementing the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) Project demonstration during the first nine months of operation.
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Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries with Intellectual DisabilityJan 01, 2017
This article uses nationally representative survey data on working-age Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries to present a profile of the characteristics, employment, and income sources of beneficiaries with intellectual disability and to compare...
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Minnesota’s SGA Project Demonstration: An Interim Evaluation ReportDec 13, 2016
This report presents findings on Minnesota’s experience implementing the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) Project demonstration during the first nine months of operation.
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Gaps in Timely Access to Care Among Workers by Disability StatusMar 01, 2016
Using data from the 2006–2010 National Health Interview Surveys, we document the characteristics and health insurance profiles of workers with a disability and consider the extent to which these factors are correlated with the ability to access adequate and timely health care.
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Characteristics of SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries Who Are ParentsJan 30, 2016
A substantial share of SSI and SSDI beneficiaries are parents of children under age 18.
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Young Adult SSI and SSDI BeneficiariesJan 30, 2016
About 9 percent of working-age beneficiaries of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) are young adults under the age of 30.
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Characteristics of Disability Beneficiaries with High EarningsNov 30, 2015
In this brief, the authors document the characteristics and work-related experiences of beneficiaries who work and earn at relatively high levels, and compare them with other working and nonworking beneficiaries.
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Employment and Economic Well-Being of People With and Without Disabilities Before and After the Great RecessionSep 01, 2015
The latest U.S. economic recession, commonly referred to as the Great Recession, has had a far-reaching impact, but its effects may be disproportionately experienced by working-age people with disabilities, given their already tenuous attachment to the labor force.
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How Disability Beneficiaries Fared Before and After the Great RecessionJan 30, 2015
The Great Recession (December 2007 to June 2009) had far-reaching impacts on the U.S. economy, but it likely had a different effect on beneficiaries of the Social Security Administration (SSA) disability programs than on other working-age individuals.
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Why Are Some SSDI-Only Beneficiaries Poor? Insights from the National Beneficiary SurveyJul 30, 2014
This brief describes characteristics, health status, living arrangements, and income sources of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)-only beneficiaries who meet the federal definition of poor, compared with those who live in higher-income households.
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Finding Alternatives to Disability Benefit ReceiptJul 21, 2014
This introduction offers a context for the articles in this thematic series by providing an overview of the programs that provide cash and in-kind supports to people with disabilities in the United States, summarizes the increasing reliance on these programs, and describes the challenges associated with...
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) Evaluation Design ReportJun 24, 2014
Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE)—is a multi-agency federal initiative to fund and evaluate programs to promote positive changes in the outcomes of youth with disabilities ages 14 through 16 who receive Supplemental Security Income, and their families.
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Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) National Evaluation Data Collection PlanJan 13, 2014
Youth with disabilities who receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) face substantial barriers to economic independence in making the transition to adult life.
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Supporting Statement for the Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) EvaluationDec 10, 2013
The Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) demonstration pursues positive outcomes for children with disabilities who receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and their families by reducing dependency on SSI.
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Executive Summary of the Seventh Ticket to Work Evaluation ReportJul 30, 2013
This report summarizes seven studies conducted for the final Ticket to Work (TTW) evaluation report that examine beneficiary work activity and effects of the original and revised TTW regulations, the experiences of providers under the revised regulations, and the employment outcomes of beneficiaries...
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Ticket to Work Participants: Then and NowMay 30, 2013
Created by Congress to help disability beneficiaries find employment, the Ticket to Work (TTW) program was revised in 2008 to make it more attractive to employment service providers.
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Evaluation of the Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) Program in 2011: Beneficiaries Served, Services Provided, and Program CostsApr 30, 2013
This report is the third in a series of reports on the activities of Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) program grantees, covering services provided in calendar year 2011.
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Executive Summary of the Sixth Ticket to Work Evaluation ReportSep 27, 2012
This summary presents key findings from four studies conducted under the Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency Program (TTW) evaluation through 2012.
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Ticket to Work Participant Characteristics and Outcomes Under the Revised RegulationsSep 24, 2012
This report compares the characteristics and outcomes of two cohorts of TTW participants—one whose members assigned their Tickets before the implementation of the revised regulations of 2008, and one whose members assigned their Tickets after.
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2010 National Beneficiary Survey: Methodology and Descriptive StatisticsApr 02, 2012
This report presents the sampling design and data collection activities for round 4 (2010) of the Social Security Administration’s National Beneficiary Survey (NBS).
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Costs, Cuts, and Consequences: Charting a New Course for Working-Age People with DisabilitiesSep 30, 2011
Looks at our nation's spending for working-age people with disabilities.
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Health Care Costs Are a Key Driver of Growth in Federal and State Assistance to Working-Age People with DisabilitiesSep 30, 2011
Presents estimates of federal and state spending for the support of working-age people with disabilities in fiscal year 2008.
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Assessing the Need for a National Disability Survey: Final ReportSep 29, 2011
As state and federal agencies strive to meet the growing needs of people with disabilities while using fewer resources, better disability data are needed for monitoring and improving the health, economic status, and overall well-being of this population.
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Employment-Related Outcomes of a Recent Cohort of Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) Program EnrolleesSep 19, 2011
This report presents findings of an analysis of beneficiaries who first enrolled for Work Incentives Planning and Assistance services between October 1, 2009, and March 31, 2010.
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Provider Experiences Under the Revised Ticket to Work RegulationsSep 19, 2011
This report presents findings on the experiences of employment service providers for the Ticket to Work Program, a program intended to increase Social Security beneficiaries’ access to and choice of quality rehabilitation and employment services.
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Evaluation of the Recent Experience of the Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) Program: Beneficiaries Served, Services Provided, and Program CostsSep 16, 2011
This report presents findings on the activities of the 103 organizations receiving Social Security Administration grants under the WIPA program, focusing on the period from April 1, 2010 through March 31, 2011.
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Social Security Disability Beneficiaries with Work-Related Goals and ExpectationsAug 30, 2011
Examines beneficiaries who report having work goals or expectations, using the National Beneficiary Survey and matched administrative data.
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Employment of Individuals in the Social Security Disability ProgramsAug 30, 2011
Presents findings from research on the employment-related activities of individuals with disabilities receiving SSI and SSDI.
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Longitudinal Outcomes of an Early Cohort of Ticket to Work ParticipantsAug 30, 2011
Follows a cohort for several years to assess changes in service use, health status, employment, and income.
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Disability Data in National SurveysAug 22, 2011
The federal government collects extensive disability survey and administrative data used by federal and state agencies for a variety of purposes.
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Highlights of the Fifth Ticket to Work Evaluation ReportDec 30, 2010
This summary presents the key findings from a collection of nine studies conducted in 2009–2010 that focused on the employment efforts of working-age Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries and the Social Security Administration work incentives and supports.
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Evaluation of the Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) Program: Beneficiaries Served, Services Provided, and Program CostsSep 16, 2010
This report presents findings on the activities of the 103 organizations receiving Social Security Administration grants under the Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) program, established in 2006 to disseminate information on work incentives and support beneficiaries in their efforts to return...
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Benefits Planning, Assistance, and Outreach (BPAO) Service User Characteristics and Use of Work IncentivesMay 30, 2010
This report presents findings of an analysis of beneficiaries who used benefits planning, assistance, and outreach services from 2001 to 2005.
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Health Care When Workers Need It Most: Before and After Entry into the Social Security Disability Insurance ProgramMay 30, 2010
This study analyzed survey data on Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) beneficiaries during the six-year window surrounding SSDI entitlement to illustrate changes in characteristics, insurance status, and health care access.
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Longitudinal Experiences of an Early Cohort of Ticket to Work ParticipantsMay 30, 2010
This report presents findings of an analysis of the longitudinal experiences of a group of Ticket to Work participants who enrolled in the program during the first 18 months of its implementation.
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Use of One-Stops by Social Security Disability Beneficiaries in Four States Implementing Disability Program Navigator InitiativesMay 30, 2010
With federal funding, states have worked to make One-Stop services more accessible to people with disabilities through the Disability Program Navigator (DPN) initiative.
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Work-Oriented Social Security Disability Beneficiaries: Characteristics and Employment-Related ActivitiesDec 30, 2009
This brief discusses the characteristics of working-age individuals receiving Social Security disability benefits and describes their employment success.
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2006 National Beneficiary Survey: Methodology and Descriptive StatisticsOct 30, 2009
In this report, we provide a description of the sampling design and the data collection activities for Round 3 (2006) of the Social Security Administration (SSA) National Beneficiary Survey (NBS).
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SSI and DI Beneficiaries with Work-Related Goals and ExpectationsOct 30, 2009
In this report we present findings of an in-depth analysis of working-age Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries who report having work goals and/or expectations.
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Health Insurance and Health Care Access Before and After SSDI EntryMay 30, 2009
This report uses National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data linked to data from the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Medicare programs to create profiles of SSDI beneficiaries during the three years before and after SSDI entry to illustrate changes in insurance status, health care access,...
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Characteristics, Employment, and Sources of Support Among Working-Age SSI and DI BeneficiariesApr 30, 2009
Helping people with disabilities find and keep jobs is a key component to reducing dependency on Social Security disability benefits. The Ticket to Work program aims to do that by offering people with disabilities greater choice in service providers and access to more employment options.
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Ticket to Work (TTW) at the Crossroads: A Solid Foundation with an Uncertain Future (as of June 2008)Apr 21, 2009
Presented to staff of the Social Security Subcommittee, U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means.
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Costs and Benefits of Eliminating the Medicare Waiting Period for SSDI BeneficiariesMar 30, 2009
The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program provides a safety net for individuals who must stop working because of a disability. Although Medicare coverage is available to people with disabilities, they must wait for that coverage until 24 months after they become eligible for SSDI.
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Income Security for Workers: A Stressed Support System in Need of InnovationMar 30, 2009
The current mix of public and private programs to support workers after they experience disability onset provides benefits to millions of workers and former workers.
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Long-Term Poverty and Disability Among Working-Age AdultsMar 30, 2009
The authors use longitudinal data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation spanning 1996 to 1999 to estimate the prevalence of short- and long-term poverty among working-age people with and without disabilities.
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A Review of Recent Evaluation Efforts Associated with Programs and Policies Designed to Promote the Employment of Adults with DisabilitiesFeb 28, 2009
This report reviews recent evaluation activities being conducted for 27 state and federal programs, policies, and initiatives designed to promote the employment of people with disabilities.
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Ticket to Work at the Crossroads: A Solid Foundation with an Uncertain FutureSep 30, 2008
The Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency program (TTW) was designed to enhance the market for services that help SSI and SSDI beneficiaries successfully enter the workforce.
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Earnings and Work Expectations of Social Security Disability BeneficiariesAug 30, 2008
The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 prompted changes in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) programs to help beneficiaries get and stay employed.
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Material Hardship, Poverty, and Disability Among Working-Age AdultsDec 30, 2007
The authors used data from the 1996 panel of SIPP to examine the extent to which working-age people with disabilities experience several types of material hardships.
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Beneficiary Participation in Ticket to WorkNov 30, 2007
The authors examine the participation of SSA disability beneficiaries in the TTW program through December 2004. On an absolute scale, participation is very low, and perhaps much lower than many had hoped.
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Social Security Disability Beneficiaries: Characteristics, Work Activity, and Use of ServicesNov 30, 2007
This article presents findings from the 2004 National Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative survey of Social Security disability beneficiaries conducted by Mathematica for SSA as part of its Ticket to Work program evaluation.
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Limitations of the National Disability Data SystemSep 21, 2007
The federal government collects extensive survey and administrative data pertaining to disability.
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Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program: Assessment of Post-Rollout Implementation and Early ImpactsMay 30, 2007
The Ticket to Work (TTW) program was designed to promote employment by enhancing the market for services that help people receiving disability benefits become economically self-sufficient.
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Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program: Implementation Experience During the Second Two Years of Operations (2003-2004)Jan 30, 2006
The Social Security Administration established the TTW program to put disability beneficiaries on the road to economic self-sufficiency by improving access to and quality of services that will help them work.
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Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program: Initial Evaluation ReportFeb 15, 2004
Examines early implementation issues and findings on enrollment and participation patterns in the Social Security Administration's Ticket to Work program, which attempts to increase access to, and the quality of, rehabilitation and employment services available to Social Security disability beneficiaries....